In 2013 Your Brain on Porn made a video called Adolescent Brain Meets Highspeed Internet Porn. Here is the science we used to make it.
Use this transcript to make captions for the video in your language.
SCIENCE RELATED TO THE PRESENTATION
(Note – our articles contain multiple citations)
Sections containing supporting studies
- Porn/sex addiction? This page lists 55 neuroscience-based studies (MRI, fMRI, EEG, neuropsychological, hormonal). They provide strong support for the addiction model as their findings mirror the neurological findings reported in substance addiction studies.
- The real experts’ opinions on porn/sex addiction? This list contains 28 recent literature reviews & commentaries by some of the top neuroscientists in the world. All support the addiction model.
- Signs of addiction and escalation to more extreme material in highspeed internet porn? Over 55 studies reporting findings consistent with escalation of porn use (tolerance), habituation to porn, and even withdrawal symptoms (all signs and symptoms associated with addiction).
- An official diagnosis? The world’s most widely used medical diagnostic manual, The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), contains a new diagnosis suitable for porn addiction: “Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder.”
- Debunking the unsupported talking point that “high sexual desire” explains away porn or sex addiction: Over 25 studies falsify the claim that sex & porn addicts “just have high sexual desire”
- Porn and sexual problems? This list contains over 40 studies linking porn use/porn addiction to sexual problems and lower arousal to sexual stimuli. The first 7 studies in the list demonstrate causation, as participants eliminated porn use and healed chronic sexual dysfunctions.
- Porn’s effects on relationships? Over 75 studies link porn use to less sexual and relationship satisfaction. As far as we know all studies involving males have reported more porn use linked to poorer sexual or relationship satisfaction.
- Porn use affecting emotional and mental health? Over 85 studies link porn use to poorer mental-emotional health & poorer cognitive outcomes.
Sexist views
- Highspeed Internet Porn use affecting beliefs, attitudes and behaviors? Check out individual studies – over 35 studies link porn use to “un-egalitarian attitudes” toward women and sexist views – or the summary from this 2016 meta-analysis: Media and Sexualization: State of Empirical Research, 1995–2015. Excerpt:
The goal of this review was to synthesize empirical investigations testing effects of media sexualization. The focus was on research published in peer-reviewed, English-language journals between 1995 and 2015. A total of 109 publications that contained 135 studies were reviewed. The findings provided consistent evidence that both laboratory exposure and regular, everyday exposure to this content are directly associated with a range of consequences, including higher levels of body dissatisfaction, greater self-objectification, greater support of sexist beliefs and of adversarial sexual beliefs, and greater tolerance of sexual violence toward women. Moreover, experimental exposure to this content leads both women and men to have a diminished view of women’s competence, morality, and humanity.
Aggression
- What about sexual aggression and highspeed internet porn use? Another meta-analysis: A Meta‐Analysis of Pornography Consumption and Actual Acts of Sexual Aggression in General Population Studies (2015). Excerpt:
22 studies from 7 different countries were analyzed. Consumption was associated with sexual aggression in the United States and internationally, among males and females, and in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Associations were stronger for verbal than physical sexual aggression, although both were significant. The general pattern of results suggested that violent content may be an exacerbating factor.
“But hasn’t porn use reduced rape rates?” No, rape rates have been rising in recent years: “Rape rates are on the rise, so ignore the pro-porn propaganda.” For much more, see this page for an extensive critique of the often-repeated assertion that an increased availability of porn has resulted in decreased rape rates.
Adolescents
- What about highspeed internet porn use and adolescents? Check out this list of over 280 adolescent studies, or these reviews of the literature: review#1, review2, review#3, review#4, review#5, review#6, review#7, review#8, review#9, review#10, review#11, review#12, review#13,review#14, review#15, review #16. From the conclusion of this 2012 review of the research – The Impact of Internet Pornography on Adolescents: A Review of the Research:
Increased access to the Internet by adolescents has created unprecedented opportunities for sexual education, learning, and growth. Conversely, the risk of harm that is evident in the literature has led researchers to investigate adolescent exposure to online pornography in an effort to elucidate these relationships. Collectively, these studies suggest that youth who consume pornography may develop unrealistic sexual values and beliefs. Among the findings, higher levels of permissive sexual attitudes, sexual preoccupation, and earlier sexual experimentation have been correlated with more frequent consumption of pornography…. Nevertheless, consistent findings have emerged linking adolescent use of pornography that depicts violence with increased degrees of sexually aggressive behavior.
The literature does indicate some correlation between adolescents’ use of pornography and self-concept. Girls report feeling physically inferior to the women they view in pornographic material, while boys fear they may not be as virile or able to perform as the men in these media. Adolescents also report that their use of pornography decreased as their self-confidence and social development increase. Additionally, research suggests that adolescents who use pornography, especially that found on the Internet, have lower degrees of social integration, increases in conduct problems, higher levels of delinquent behavior, higher incidence of depressive symptoms, and decreased emotional bonding with caregivers.
Causation studies
- Aren’t all studies correlative? Nope: Over 90 Studies demonstrating internet use & porn use causing negative outcomes & symptoms, and brain changes.
Sections with numerous studies
- Adolescent Brain section
- Adolescents & Pornography section
- Porn Use & Sex Addiction section
- Internet Addiction Studies: Containing Excerpts About Porn
- Internet Addiction Studies section
- List of Internet & Video Game Brain Studies
Studies specific to this presentation on highspeed internet porn use
- Neural Correlates of Sexual Cue Reactivity in Individuals with and without Compulsive Sexual Behaviours (2014)
- Brain Structure and Functional Connectivity Associated With Pornography Consumption: The Brain on Porn (2014)
- PDF of a lecture by urology professor Carlo Foresta (2014) – several studies
- Enhanced Attentional Bias towards Sexually Explicit Cues in Individuals with and without Compulsive Sexual Behaviours (2014)
- A New Generation of Sexual Addiction (2013)
- Pornography addiction – a supranormal stimulus considered in the context of neuroplasticity (2013).
- Anal heterosex among young people and implications for health promotion: a qualitative study in the UK (2014)
- Early adolescent boys’ exposure to internet pornography: Relationships to pubertal timing, sensation seeking, and academic performance (2014)
- Anxiety increases sexual arousal (1983)
- Cybersex addiction: Craving and cognitive processes (2012)
- Cybersex addiction: Experienced sexual arousal when watching pornography and not real-life sexual contacts makes the difference (2013)
- Does deviant pornography use follow a Guttman-like progression? (2013)
- Empirical Evidence and Theoretical Considerations on Factors Contributing to Cybersex Addiction From a Cognitive Behavioral View (2014)
- Pornographic Picture Processing Interferes with Working Memory Performance. (2012)
- UPDATE: Who is attracted to ‘shemales?’ – Who are gynandromorphophilic men? Characterizing men with sexual interest in transgender women (2015)
Surveys: use and sexual dysfunctions
- Is Internet Pornography Causing Sexual Dysfunctions? A Review with Clinical Reports (2016)
- Research confirms sharp rise in youthful sexual dysfunctions
- Survey: Pornography Use and Addiction – Men and women (2014)
- Canadian teen boys’ online porn viewing habits ‘concerning’: study. (5/29/2014)
- Pornography Use and Addiction – 33% of men 18-30 “addicted” or “unsure” (2014)
- Journal of Adolescent Health: 30% of young men have ED (2012)
- Most teenagers think internet pornography is damaging, poll finds (2014)
- One patient out of four with newly diagnosed erectile dysfunction is a young man–worrisome picture from the everyday clinical practice (2013)
- Prevalence and characteristics of sexual functioning among sexually experienced middle to late adolescents (2014)
- /r/NoFap Survey Data – Complete Datasets
DeltaFosB & sensitization articles
Porn-induced sexual problems articles
- Can You Trust Your Johnson?
- Porn-Induced Sexual Dysfunction Is A Growing Problem
- Dr. Oz Show Investigates Porn-Induced ED
Adolescent brain vulnerabilities articles & studies
- Why Shouldn’t Johnny Watch Porn If He Likes?
- First Sex: Just The Science Please
- Young Porn Users Need Longer To Recover Their Mojo
- Insight Into the Teenage Brain: Adriana Galván at TEDxYouth@Caltech
- Teen brains over-process rewards, suggesting root of risky behavior, mental ills
- Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area fire faster in adolescent rats than in adults.
- Video presentation by neuroscientist Jay Giedd – Evolution and the Digital Revolution
- The Teenage Brain: Dr. Jay Giedd of the National Institute of Mental Health
- Teenage Brain: A work in progress (Fact Sheet) NIH
- FRONTLINE – One Reason Teens Respond Differently to the World: Immature Brain Circuitry
- FRONTLINE- INSIDE THE TEENAGE BRAIN (Documentary)
- The Brain: The Trouble With Teens
- Study: Teenage brain lacks empathy
- Motivational systems in adolescence: Possible implications for age differences in substance abuse and other risk-taking behaviors
- Earlier Development of the Accumbens Relative to Orbitofrontal Cortex Might Underlie Risk-Taking Behavior in Adolescents
- Frontostriatal Maturation Predicts Cognitive Control Failure to Appetitive Cues in Adolescents
- The adolescent brain
- Adolescent cortical development: a critical period of vulnerability for addiction.
- Risk-taking and decision-making in youth: Relationships to addiction vulnerability
Desentization articles
- Porn, Masturbation and Mojo: A Neuroscience Perspective
- Intoxicating Behaviors: 300 Vaginas = A Lot of Dopamine
- Has Evolution Trained Our Brains to Gorge on Food and Sex?
Highspeed internet porn is different
- Porn, Novelty, and the Coolidge effect
- Porn Then and Now: Welcome to Brain Training
- Are Porn Tube Sites Causing Erectile Dysfunction?
- Pure Novelty Spurs The Brain
- Research finds source of thrill from fear
- Rape can be sexually arousing (helps explain why watching increases risk of addiction)
Studies of DeltaFosB and sexual conditioning
DeltaFosB sensitization and addiction studies
Epigenetic effects
Animal studies on sexual conditioning
- Conditioning and Sexual Behavior: A Review
- Same-sex cohabitation under the effects of quinpirole induces a conditioned socio-sexual partner preference in males, but not in female rats (2011).
- Enhanced D2-type receptor activity facilitates the development of conditioned same-sex partner preference in male rat (2012)
- Considering the role of conditioning in sexual orientation (2012)
- Who, What, Where, When (and Maybe Even Why)? How the Experience of Sexual Reward Connects Sexual Desire, Preference, and Performance (2012)
Erection physiology studies
Basic science on libido and erections
Is Internet Pornography Causing Sexual Dysfunctions? A Review with Clinical Reports (2016)
Addiction experts proclaim sexual behavior addiction exists
- The American Society of Addiction Medicine New Definition of Addiction (2011)
- An official diagnosis? The world’s most widely used medical diagnostic manual, The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), contains a new diagnosis suitable for porn addiction: “Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder.”