Nora D.Volkow, Ruben D.Baler
National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA<
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2015.04.002Get rights and content
Highlights
- Evolutionarily optimized mechanisms to delay gratification are under environmental threat.
- The science of DD has a huge role to play in shaping policies with health implications.
Balancing behaviors that provide a reward NOW versus behaviors that provide an advantage LATER is critical for survival. We propose a model in which dopamine (DA) can favor NOW processes through phasic signaling in reward circuits or LATER processes through tonic signaling in control circuits. At the same time, through its modulation of the orbitofrontal cortex, which processes salience
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