Novelty and variety stimulate dopamine.Dopamine has many functions which include measuring reward value, motivation, learning & memory, salience (importance) and sexual desire. Dysregulation of dopamine is a major hallmark of all addictions, including porn addiction. And this is important because novelty is what makes Internet porn different from magazines or a rented DVD. Each click, each search, each moment of anticipation leads to a squirt of dopamine. Accordingly, endless novelty-and-variety is the key addictive feature of the Internet and especially Internet porn. Dopamine is key for understanding reward value for the user, or salience, and shoots up when there is a violation of expectation. Imagine having the same Playboy magazine as your only stimulation for a month’s worth of masturbation. Would you develop an addiction, or porn-induced ED from 30 days of the same static centerfold? No way. There wouldn’t be enough novelty to stimulate the dopamine.
- (L) Pure Novelty Spurs The Brain (2006)
- (L) Novelty and the Brain: Why New Things Make Us Feel So Good
- (L) I Heart Unpredictable Love (2012)
- Absolute coding of stimulus novelty in the human substantia nigra/VTA (2006)
- Anticipation of Novelty Recruits Reward System and Hippocampus While Promoting Recollection (2007)
- Common and distinct networks underlying reward valence and processing stages: A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies (2011))
- Contextual interaction between novelty and reward processing within the mesolimbic system (2012)
- Contextual Novelty Changes Reward Representations in the Striatum (2010)
- Differential Dopamine Release Dynamics in the Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell Reveal Complementary Signals for Error Prediction and Incentive Motivation (2015)
- Dissociable dopamine dynamics for learning and motivation (2019)
- Dopamine – Generalization and Bonuses (2002)
- Dopamine D1 D5 Receptors Mediate Informational Saliency that Promotes Persistent Hippocampal Long Term Plasticity (2014)
- Dopamine D1 receptor modulates hippocampal representation plasticity to spatial novelty (2008)
- Dopamine Modulates Novelty Seeking Behavior During Decision Making – Monkeys (2014)
- Dopamine reward prediction error coding (2016)
- Dopamine Signals for Reward Value and Risk Basic and Recent Data (2010)
- Dopamine Uncertainty and TD Learning (2005)
- Dopamine-dependent facilitation of LTP induction in hippocampal CA1 by exposure to spatial novelty (2003)
- Hippocampal-midbrain circuit enhances the pleasure of anticipation in the prefrontal cortex (2019)
- Human Striatal Response to Salient Nonrewarding Stimuli (2003)
- Mesolimbic Dopamine Dynamically Tracks, and Is Causally Linked to, Discrete Aspects of Value-Based Decision Making (2015)
- Mesolimbic novelty processing in older adults (2007)
- Mesolimbocortical and nigrostriatal dopamine responses to salient non-reward events (2000)
- Novelty increases the mesolimbic functional connectivity of the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) during reward anticipation: Evidence from high-resolution fMRI (2011)
- Novelty Seeking and Drug Addiction in Humans and Animals: From Behavior to Molecules (2015)
- Novelty speeds up learning thanks to dopamine activation (2020)
- Novelty-Sensitive Dopaminergic Neurons in the Human Substantia Nigra Predict Success of Declarative Memory Formation (2018)
- Predictability modulates human brain response to reward (2001)
- Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons (1998)
- Sensitivity of the nucleus accumbens to violations in expectation of reward (2007)
- Short-and long-lasting consequences of novelty, deviance and surprise on brain and cognition (2015)
- Temporal prediction errors in a passive learning task activate human striatum (2003). Activity drops when expectations are not met
- The cost of obtaining rewards enhances the reward prediction error signal of midbrain dopamine neurons (2019)
- The Detection of Novelty Relies on Dopaminergic Signaling: Evidence from Apomorphine’s Impact on the Novelty N2 (2013)
- The Emergence of Saliency and Novelty Responses from Reinforcement Learning Principles (2008)
- The involvement of the striatum in decision making (2016)
- The novelty exploration bonus and its attentional modulation (2009)
- (L) Teen Risk Taking Linked to Hypersensitivity to Reward Signal (2010)