Psychiatry Res. 2016 Jun 2;254:10-17. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.05.006.
Bae S1, Han DH2, Kim SM3, Shi X4, Renshaw PF4.
Abstract
Previous studies have examined the relationship of brain metabolic changes in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, these studies have been limited by a small number of subjects, a large variance in subject age, and different brain regions of interest. The present study assessed the effects of chronic internet game play in ADHD children. Twenty eight ADHD adolescents with IGD (IGD+ADHD), 27 ADHD adolescents without problematic internet game playing (ADHD only) and 42 healthy comparison adolescents (HC) were included in the study. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed on a 3T MRI scanner. Our results indicate that the levels of NAA in both ADHD groups were lower than those observed in the HC group. The levels of Glu+Gln in the ADHD only group were increased, compared to those observed in the control group. However, Glu+Gln was not increased in the IGD+ADHD group. In addition, the levels of Glu+Gln in the IGD+ADHD group were positively correlated with K-ARS total and inattention scores. ADHD and IGD subjects were both characterized by decreased NAA levels within the frontal lobe, consistent with hypofrontality.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Glutamate+glutamine; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; N-acetylaspartate
;